Assessment of health promotion activities at the workplace in food industry companies

Rezumat Obiective. În prezent pattern-ul epidemiologic pune în evidență faptul că principalele cauze de deces sunt bolile cronice netransmisibile, precum boala ischemică a cordului, accidentul vascular cerebral, cancerul și ciroza hepatică, diabetul, etc. Mai multe studii au evidențiat că adițional factorilor de risc comportamentali, la dezvoltarea și menținerea acestor categorii de maladii, un rol semnificativ revine și factorilor profesionali de risc. Organizația Mondială a Sănătății subliniază că locul de muncă este un cadru propice pentru promovarea sănătății și bunăstării, inclusiv prin asigurarea unui mediu de lucru fizic și psihosocial sigur și sănătos. Scopul studiului este de a evalua necesitățile și activitățile de promovare a sănătății în unitățile economice din industria alimentației. Material și metode. Au fost analizate 4 întreprinderi din industria alimentației, lideri în panificație, producerea laptelui, băuturilor carbogazoase și articolelor de cofetărie. S-a studiat starea de sănătate a salariaților, factorii profesionali de risc, programele de promovare a sănătății la locul de muncă. Frecvențele absolute și raporturile procentuale au fost utilizate pentru analiza descriptivă a studiului. Testul de independență χ2 , modelul regresiei multinominale și analiza triplă ANOVA au fost utilizate pentru analizele inferențiale (Softul IBM SPSS, Statistics 23). Rezultate. În perioada anilor 2010-2020 s-a modificat raportul dintre rata morbidității cronice și a celei primare, cu reducerea statistic semnificativă a ratei morbidității cronice la 1.000 de salariați față de rata morbidității primare (z=14,6; p<0,001). Cel mai mare procent de adresări, din partea lucrătorilor, la medicii specialiștii a fost înregistrat la: terapeut (38,0%), ginecolog (14,9%), și chirurg (13,1%). Anual, 236,0±107,00 angajați expuși factorilor profesionali de risc sunt eligibili pentru efectuarea examenelor medicale periodice obligatorii, dintre care 49,1±12,05% sunt femei. Rata de acoperire fiind de 91,5±6,00% și 94,1±2,93% în rândul femeilor. În cadrul examenelor respective sunt diagnosticați pentru prima dată cu boli cronice generale 0-17% (în mediu 10,2±5,13%) persoane examinate, inclusiv 0-15,8% (în mediu 9,2±4,61%) în rândul femeilor. În toate întreprinderile sunt implementate măsuri de respectare a exigențelor de securitate și sănătate în muncă în conformitate cu prevederile actelor normative în domeniu cât și de măsurile de combatere a fumatului prevăzute în Legea 278 din 14.12.2007 privind controlul tutunului. Concluzii. Mediul ocupațional din industria alimentară se caracterizează prin prezența factorilor profesionali de risc cu impact asupra dezvoltării bolilor netransmisibile majore. În întreprinderi sunt implementate doar intervențiile de promovare a sănătății, impuse prin reglementări. Este imperativ de a valorifica locul de muncă ca mediu propice pentru promovarea sănătății, prin crearea rețelei naționale a locurilor de muncă care promovează sănătatea în termeni proximi.Summary Objectives. Currently, the epidemiological pattern highlights the fact that the main causes of death are non-communicable chronic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer and liver cirrhosis, diabetes, etc. Several studies have shown that in addition to behavioral risk factors, professional risk factors play a significant role in the development and maintenance of this category of pathology. The World Health Organization emphasizes that the workplace is an enabling environment for promoting health and well-being, including by ensuring a safe and healthy physical and psychosocial work environment. The purpose of the study is to assess the needs and activities of health promotion in economic units in the food industry. Material and methods. A total of 4 enterprises from the food industry, leaders in bakery, production of milk, carbonated beverages and confectionery, were analyzed. The state of health of the employees, the professional risk factors, the health promotion programs at the workplace were studied. Absolute frequencies and percentage ratios were used for descriptive analysis of the study. The χ2 test of independence, multinomial regression model and three-way ANOVA analysis were used for inferential analyzes (IBM SPSS software, Statistics 23). Results. Between 2010 and 2020, the ratio between the chronic and primary morbidity rate changed, with a statistically significant reduction in the chronic morbidity rate per 1.000 employees compared to the primary morbidity rate (z=14.6; p<0.001). The highest percentage of workers attending medical specialists was recorded at the therapist (38.0%), gynecologist (14.9%), and surgeon (13.1%). Annually, 236.0±107.00 employees exposed to occupational risk factors are eligible for mandatory periodical medical examinations, of which 49.1±12.05% are women. The coverage rate being 91.5±6.00% and 94.1±2.93% among women. During the respective examinations, 0-17% (on average 10.2±5.13%) of people examined are diagnosed for the first time with general chronic diseases, including 0-15.8% (on average 9.2±4.61%) among women. In all enterprises, measures are implemented to comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided by the health legislation, measures to combat tobacco smoking provided by Law 278 of 14.12.2007 on tobacco control. Conclusions. The occupational environment in the food industry is characterized by the presence of occupational risk factors with an impact on the development of major non-communicable diseases. Only health promotion interventions imposed by regulations are implemented in enterprises. It is imperative to capitalize on the workplace as an enabling environment for health promotion, by creating the national network of health-promoting workplaces in the near term

Caracteristica igienică a solului influenţată de procesul salubrizării în mun. Chişinău

În articol este elucidată informaţia privind starea de management şi de monitorizare a procesului de salubrizare de deşeuri menagere solide a localităţilor urbane şi rurale ale mun. Chişinău. Sunt prezentate rezultatele investigaţiilor de laborator a probelor de sol recoltate din teritoriul zonei de trai, terenurile de joacă pentru copii şi zonele de agrement în dinamică şi ponderea probelor neconforme la indicatorii sanitaro-chimici, microbiologici şi parazitologici

Multi-task learning for joint weakly-supervised segmentation and aortic arch anomaly classification in fetal cardiac MRI

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a group of cardiac malformations present already during fetal life, representing the prevailing category of birth defects globally. Our aim in this study is to aid 3D fetal vessel topology visualisation in aortic arch anomalies, a group which encompasses a range of conditions with significant anatomical heterogeneity. We present a multi-task framework for automated multi-class fetal vessel segmentation from 3D black blood T2w MRI and anomaly classification. Our training data consists of binary manual segmentation masks of the cardiac vessels' region in individual subjects and fully-labelled anomaly-specific population atlases. Our framework combines deep learning label propagation using VoxelMorph with 3D Attention U-Net segmentation and DenseNet121 anomaly classification. We target 11 cardiac vessels and three distinct aortic arch anomalies, including double aortic arch, right aortic arch, and suspected coarctation of the aorta. We incorporate an anomaly classifier into our segmentation pipeline, delivering a multi-task framework with the primary motivation of correcting topological inaccuracies of the segmentation. The hypothesis is that the multi-task approach will encourage the segmenter network to learn anomaly-specific features. As a secondary motivation, an automated diagnosis tool may have the potential to enhance diagnostic confidence in a decision support setting. Our results showcase that our proposed training strategy significantly outperforms label propagation and a network trained exclusively on propagated labels. Our classifier outperforms a classifier trained exclusively on T2w volume images, with an average balanced accuracy of 0.99 (0.01) after joint training. Adding a classifier improves the anatomical and topological accuracy of all correctly classified double aortic arch subjects.Comment: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2023:01

Magn Reson Med

To improve motion robustness of functional fetal MRI scans by developing an intrinsic real-time motion correction method. MRI provides an ideal tool to characterize fetal brain development and growth. It is, however, a relatively slow imaging technique and therefore extremely susceptible to subject motion, particularly in functional MRI experiments acquiring multiple Echo-Planar-Imaging-based repetitions, for example, diffusion MRI or blood-oxygen-level-dependency MRI. A 3D UNet was trained on 125 fetal datasets to track the fetal brain position in each repetition of the scan in real time. This tracking, inserted into a Gadgetron pipeline on a clinical scanner, allows updating the position of the field of view in a modified echo-planar imaging sequence. The method was evaluated in real-time in controlled-motion phantom experiments and ten fetal MR studies (17 + 4-34 + 3 gestational weeks) at 3T. The localization network was additionally tested retrospectively on 29 low-field (0.55T) datasets. Our method achieved real-time fetal head tracking and prospective correction of the acquisition geometry. Localization performance achieved Dice scores of 84.4% and 82.3%, respectively for both the unseen 1.5T/3T and 0.55T fetal data, with values higher for cephalic fetuses and increasing with gestational age. Our technique was able to follow the fetal brain even for fetuses under 18 weeks GA in real-time at 3T and was successfully applied "offline" to new cohorts on 0.55T. Next, it will be deployed to other modalities such as fetal diffusion MRI and to cohorts of pregnant participants diagnosed with pregnancy complications, for example, pre-eclampsia and congenital heart disease

Previously undiagnosed serotonin toxicity: from pre-anaesthetic assessment to postoperative management – a case report

Serotonin syndrome (SS), also known as serotonin toxicity, is a life-threatening condition induced by certain drugs that affect serotonin metabolism. We report a case of SS, induced by a combination of three drugs encountered in a patient with a previously suspected allergy to metoclopramide and pitofenone discovered as an "anaesthetic incident”. In the immediate postoperative period, following the administration of antiemetic and analgesic treatment, the patient presented generalized myoclonus and intense abdominal pain. The diagnosis of SS was established using the Hunter Criteria. After the discontinuation of potentially triggering medication and anticonvulsant therapy, the patient was discharged from the ICU with complete resolution within six days. Given the increased use in clinical practice of drugs that may interfere with serotonin metabolism, the rising prevalence of mental health and the increasing use of illicit drugs, it is essential for anaesthetists to be aware of the potential for SS occurrence. Continue..